Hi, > Which tool is best to debug kernel operations. > > I curious to debug RAM memory alignment/utilization during the system boot up and OS running state. Please suggest me way to this. KDB has been integrated in 2.6.36 and seems to be the easiest way to debug a running kernel without a serial line. https://kgdb.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/KDB_FAQ You can also use KGDB and another computer to do the debugging. But if your purpose is just study, I'd rather recommend running your kernel into QEmu and debug it with a remote GDB on the same machine. That will be much easier and comfortable. This page explains how to do it: http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~sandhya/csc256/assignments/qemu_linux.html With this setup it is easy to set up a breakpoint on, say, start_kernel and step through all the initialization process. Alex. -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ