>From what i understand, this kernel mapping of addresses is a bit deceiving since all addresses generated from kmalloc, vmalloc, etc... are virtual. The difference is architecture dependant in that the MMU unit in the architecture knows to pass thru, instead of translation, addresses of certain ranges. In the case of x86 i believe this is the zone thing. I.e. if i understand correctly, if you have 512mb you can address physically (virtually direct :)) the dma and normal zones up to 512mb and then (i think), immediately after 512mb your translated virtual memory begins. However, there is an upper limit (for 32bits systems) and if you have 1gb of memory the normal zone ends at 896mb and the translated (not passed thru) region starts at 896mb. Is that correct? On Monday 26 February 2007 09:33, Sandeep Sanjay Patil wrote: -- Regards, Tzahi. -- Tzahi Fadida Blog: http://tzahi.blogsite.org | Home Site: http://tzahi.webhop.info WARNING TO SPAMMERS: see at http://members.lycos.co.uk/my2nis/spamwarning.html -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ