Thank you all. Is my summary ok: NULL is set to zero usually (but not necessarily on some architectures ?). zero can be a legit physical address. by design, zero cannot be a legit virtual address, so it is used as a "magic" value that marks pointers as non-legit. Thank You. Naziir. -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/