Hi... Sorry again for late reply... > > Actually, IMHO, that is still kernel thread. It is just "walk" to > > user space for a moment, run a program, exit and back to kernel > > space. > > Is it said the execve() will create a mm struct for the kernel thread > when loading executable file and " ' walk' to user space " ? I am not sure about the "create" phase, but if we don't want to destroy the borrowed mm struct, I think it will create new mm struct. Other people might give better hints. regards, Mulyadi -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/