Hi, All ! As we know, the kernel thread has no user space, so it can't access the user mode linear addresses. But when I traced the call_usermodehelper() function, I found that the kernel thread use kernel_thread() function to create another kernel thread, and then the new kernel thread execute execve() function to load the executable program of the user process. Why can it do this? Can it access the user space? Thanks! Regards, Cheng -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/