> Also when is the kernel stack for a process created ? Is it when the > process is created or when the process comes to the kernel mode on > invoking a system call ? The process descriptor is 2 pages long (8k), or 1 page (4k) when configured otherwise. At the "top" (lowest address) resides the process descriptor in all its glory, from bottom up the kernel stack grows associated with that process, where system calls associated with this process have their stack space. The stack space is there, when the process is started. How it is initialized further on I cannot tell you. With kind regards, Oliver Korpilla -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/