Hello, 1) How Router knows destinations mtu. In IP forwarding case following function is used that checks pmtu value to decide whether outgoing packet is required to fragment a packet or not? static inline int ip_send(struct sk_buff *skb) { if (skb->len > skb->dst->pmtu) return ip_fragment(skb, ip_finish_output); else return ip_finish_output(skb); } 2) Can anybody help me how following function works in calcualting checksum? static inline int ip_decrease_ttl(struct iphdr *iph) { u32 check = iph->check; check += __constant_htons(0x0100); iph->check = check + (check>=0xFFFF); return --iph->ttl; } regards, cranium -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/