Thanks for your replying. Still I am not clear in a below output, that If we are loading shared object librt in a memory map, then why are we calling unmmap before we make a call to the functions exposed by litrt e.x rt_sigaction. Could you explain at what time a context switch takes place from user space to a kernel space. The function call gettimeofday is being executed in a user space as it is not a kernel sys call, so at what point a switch takes place. How is responsible for switching from user to kernel and vice versa and I would like to see that code. Please give your views over this. Regards Dinesh open("/lib/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0D\32\0\000"..., 1024) = 1024 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=33092, ...}) = 0 old_mmap(NULL, 69784, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x4009b000 mprotect(0x400a1000, 45208, PROT_NONE) = 0 old_mmap(0x400a1000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x5000) = 0x400a1000 old_mmap(0x400a2000, 41112, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x400a2000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\350T\1"..., 1024) = 1024 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1481836, ...}) = 0 old_mmap(NULL, 1198532, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x400ad000 mprotect(0x401cc000, 22980, PROT_NONE) = 0 old_mmap(0x401cc000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x11e000) = 0x401cc000 old_mmap(0x401cf000, 10692, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x401cf000 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x40013000, 83287) = 0 getrlimit(0x3, 0xbfffeffc) = 0 setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=2044*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0 getpid() = 1091 rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x40052a2c, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x400d3bc8}, NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x40052914, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x400d3bc8}, NULL, 8) = 0 ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! India Matrimony: Find your life partner online Go to: http://yahoo.shaadi.com/india-matrimony -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/