Hi all, I want to print skb->data contents in kernel module using netfilter module at NF_HOOK NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT. How can i do that? I know how to write netfilter module like this one #define MODULE #define __KERNEL__ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/skbuff.h> #include <linux/ip.h> #include <linux/netfilter.h> #include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h> static struct nf_hook_ops nfho1; static unsigned char *packet_ip = "\x7f\x00\x00\x0b"; unsigned int hook_func1(unsigned int hooknum,struct sk_buff **skb, const struct net_device *in, const struct net_device *out, int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *)) { struct sk_buff *sb = *skb; printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling hook_func at NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT\n"); if (sb->nh.iph->saddr == *(unsigned int *)packet_ip) { /*CODE REQUIRE TO BE INCLUDED HERE*/ return NF_ACCEPT; } else return NF_ACCEPT; } static int __init init(void) { nfho1.hook = hook_func1; nfho1.hooknum = NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT; nfho1.pf = PF_INET; nfho1.priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST; nf_register_hook(&nfho1); return 0; } static void __exit fini(void) { nf_unregister_hook(&nfho1); } module_init(init); module_exit(fini); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); But how can i print those HEX codes in packet? regards, linux.lover -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/