hello, It seems that exec-shield has some improvements since it was first announced in early 2004. I am looking to see how it changed. And this is from http://people.redhat.com/mingo/exec-shield/ANNOUNCE-exec-shield ^^^ NOTE: this is the first announcement we did of exec-shield. The code has significantly changed/improved since then and some of the actual mechanisms below work differently meanwhile. There's now an automatic gcc and binutils feature to track stack executability requirements (so chstk is obsolete), and the exec-shield /proc/sys/kernel variable has different levels. (normally you should not need to change it.) For details, check out the email archives of the rhl-beta-list mailing list: http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rhl-beta-list ^^^ I looked for rhl-beta-list, but there is no such list. Anybody can tell me how exec-shield improved (on Ascii-armor method), or point me to the discussion threads of exec-shield improvements? Thank you very much, AQ -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/