Hi all, its OK to use memory barriers for avoiding software and hardware optimization. But in kernel they are used in loop like do { var=val;wmb()}while(0) loop or in driver like while(count --){ writeb(*(ptr++),address); wmb(); } why they r used in above case, means why they used there(for direct assignment) if anyone give details! __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/