Dear All, What is __pa(x) function, it said that it translates logical address to physical address by x-PAGE_OFFSET, PAGE_OFFSET is normally something like 0xc0000000, how can this translate? What is x input? Can some expert have some detail explaining? Thanks -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/