Graham, Thanks, that's information I can use. I'll research the ebuilds to see what the Gentoo devs did differently between versions. I come from Gentoo userland, but am using LFS/CLFS variants lately to learn more about what goes into the guts of building a distribution. So presently, I can't lean on portage to do things automatically for me. But I'll check the ebuilds out to see what I can learn. Best regards, Harvey