Before I start debugging this, I thought I'd poll the mailing list. I've built an N32 root filesystem: all binaries and libs are "ELF 32-bit N32 MSB MIPS-III ..." The kernel (2.6.17.7, 64 bit) that I built does have: CONFIG_MIPS32_N32=y The filesystem doesn't boot: init cannot be found. I copied the N32 filesystem into a subdirectory of an O32 filesystem in order to have a look. Basically, for any executable that I try to run, the error is: "No such file or directory".