RE: Differing results from cross and native compilers

["Eric DeVolder" <edevolder@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

Title: Re: Differing results from cross and native compilers

Yes, it appears to me that the compiler (cc1) and assembler (as) invocations are the same. I've included the "-v" output of each below for reference. Furthermore, the -save-temps output .i files are effectively the same (differences due to cross vs. native paths, but that is it). Nonetheless, the output assembly source still contains differences!

 

I'm curious if anybody examined the output of a cross and native toolchain of the same (recent) version?

 

Eric

 

 

0:~$ diff -wbup cross.s native.s
--- cross.s 2006-09-19 11:38:54.000000000 -0500
+++ native.s     2006-09-19 11:39:07.000000000 -0500
@@ -17,24 +17,20 @@ main:
        .fmask  0x00000000,0
        .set    noreorder
        .cpload $25
-       .set    nomacro
-
+       .set    reorder
        addiu   $sp,$sp,-32
        sw      $31,24($sp)
        .cprestore      16
-       lw      $4,%got($LC0)($28)
-       lw      $25,%call16(printf)($28)
-       nop
-       jalr    $25
-       addiu   $4,$4,%lo($LC0)
-
-       lw      $28,16($sp)
+       la      $4,$LC0
+       jal     printf
        lw      $31,24($sp)
        subu    $2,$0,$2
+       .set    noreorder
+       .set    nomacro
        j       $31
        addiu   $sp,$sp,32
-
        .set    macro
        .set    reorder
+
        .end    main
        .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 3.4.4"

For good measure, here's the assembly output from the cross compiler:

 

0:~$ more cross.s
  .file 1 "t.c"
  .section .mdebug.abi32
  .previous
  .abicalls
  .section  .rodata.str1.4,"aMS",@progbits,1
  .align  2
$LC0:
  .ascii  "Hello, World!\n\000"
  .text
  .align  2
  .globl  main
  .ent  main
  .type main, @function
main:
  .frame  $sp,32,$31    # vars= 0, regs= 1/0, args= 16, gp= 8
  .mask 0x80000000,-8
  .fmask  0x00000000,0
  .set  noreorder
  .cpload $25
  .set  nomacro

  addiu $sp,$sp,-32
  sw  $31,24($sp)
  .cprestore  16
  lw  $4,%got($LC0)($28)
  lw  $25,%call16(printf)($28)
  nop
  jalr  $25
  addiu $4,$4,%lo($LC0)

  lw  $28,16($sp)
  lw  $31,24($sp)
  subu  $2,$0,$2
  j $31
  addiu $sp,$sp,32

  .set  macro
  .set  reorder
  .end  main
  .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 3.4.4"

And here is the cross and native screen capture due to -v:

 

==== cross ====

0:~$ mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -v -save-temps -O2 -c /opt/oe/target/root/t.c  -o obj2.o
Reading specs from /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/specs
Configured with: /home/edevolder/downloads/crosstool-0.42/build/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/gcc-3.4.4/configure --target=mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-host_unknown-linux-gnu --prefix=/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu --with-sysroot=/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-root --with-local-prefix=/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-root --disable-nls --enable-threads=posix --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.4
 /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/cc1 -E -quiet -v /opt/oe/target/root/t.c -O2 -o t.i
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-root/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-root/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/../../../../mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/include
 /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-root/usr/include
End of search list.
 /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/cc1 -fpreprocessed t.i -quiet -dumpbase t.c -auxbase-strip obj2.o -O2 -version -o t.s
GNU C version 3.4.4 (mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu)
        compiled by GNU C version 3.2.3 20030502 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.3-54).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=97 --param ggc-min-heapsize=126001
 /opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/../../../../mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/as -EL -O2 -no-mdebug -32 -v -KPIC -o obj2.o t.s
GNU assembler version 2.15 (mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu) using BFD version 2.15

 

=== native ===

root@db1200:~# gcc -v -save-temps -O2 -c t.c -o obj1.o
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/specs
Configured with: /home/edevolder/downloads/crosstool-0.42/build/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/gcc-3.4.4-glibc-2.3.6/gcc-3.4.4/configure --build=x86_64-build_unknown-linux-gnu --target=mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu --host=mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --disable-nls --enable-threads=posix --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.4
 /usr/libexec/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/cc1 -E -quiet -v t.c -O2 -o t.iignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/../../../../mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
 /usr/libexec/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/cc1 -fpreprocessed t.i -quiet -dumpbase t.c -auxbase-strip obj1.o -O2 -version -o t.s
GNU C version 3.4.4 (mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu)
        compiled by GNU C version 3.4.4.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=47 --param ggc-min-heapsize=31868
 /usr/lib/gcc/mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/3.4.4/../../../../mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/as -EL -O2 -no-mdebug -32 -v -KPIC -o obj1.o t.s
GNU assembler version 2.15 (mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu) using BFD version 2.15

---

From: Thiemo Seufer [mailto:ths@xxxxxxxxxxxx]
Sent: Tue 9/19/2006 11:05 AM
To: Eric DeVolder
Cc: linux-mips@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Re: Differing results from cross and native compilers

Eric DeVolder wrote:
[snip]
> I would have thought that for this simple example I'd get identical
> results. For reasons I have yet to figure out, the cross compiler is
> finding better optimizations than the native, though both are the
> same gcc version. I checked the specs files, and the two are identical
> other than the "cross_compile" setting.

Have you checked (with -v) if the assembler gets the same optimisations
in both cases, and/or (with -save-temps) where in the compile things
start to diverge?


Thiemo