Our company manufactures several USB devices and we use libUSB 1.0.8 to interact with these devices. Our devices function just fine when connected without the 7-Port USB Hub but almost as soon as the device is connected through the hub and we start reading/writing to the device, the system locks up completely and a hard boot is required. I should also note that this problem does occur with other newer USB hubs as well but I'm using this particular hub because I have it at home. This same problem occurs on Ubuntu 8.04 and Ubuntu 10.04 and probably others as it's looking like a kernel bug. If I use an old 4-Port Belkin non powered hub, this problem does not occur. This also does not happen with libUSB .1. Specifics are as follows. Linux Linux-Dev 2.6.32-26-generic-pae #47-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 17 16:14:46 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux 7-Port USB Hub (Causes system crash) lsusb output is listed below. The hub is Bus 001 Device 011: ID 050d:0307 Belkin Components Bus 002 Device 009: ID 1241:1603 Belkin Bus 002 Device 007: ID 046d:c51a Logitech, Inc. MX Revolution/G7 Cordless Mouse Bus 002 Device 004: ID 1241:1603 Belkin Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04bf:0320 TDK Corp. Bluetooth Adapter Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0557:7000 ATEN International Co., Ltd Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 011: ID 050d:0307 Belkin Components Bus 001 Device 007: ID 059b:047b Iomega Corp. Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0424:2228 Standard Microsystems Corp. 9-in-2 Card Reader Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0424:2602 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:2512 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub lsusb -v -d050d:0307 Bus 001 Device 011: ID 050d:0307 Belkin Components Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 2 TT per port bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x050d Belkin Components idProduct 0x0307 bcdDevice 1.00 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 1 USB 2.0 Hub [MTT] iSerial 2 001 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 41 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xe0 Self Powered Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 1 Single TT iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0001 1x 1 bytes bInterval 12 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 1 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 2 TT per port iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0001 1x 1 bytes bInterval 12 Hub Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 41 nNbrPorts 7 wHubCharacteristic 0x0088 Ganged power switching Per-port overcurrent protection TT think time 8 FS bits Port indicators bPwrOn2PwrGood 50 * 2 milli seconds bHubContrCurrent 100 milli Ampere DeviceRemovable 0x00 PortPwrCtrlMask 0xff Hub Port Status: Port 1: 0000.0100 power Port 2: 0000.0100 power Port 3: 0000.0100 power Port 4: 0000.0100 power Port 5: 0000.0100 power Port 6: 0000.0100 power Port 7: 0000.0100 power Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0001 Self Powered 4 Port Hub (Doesn't cause system crash) Bus 002 Device 011: ID 0451:2046 Texas Instruments, Inc. TUSB2046 Hub Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x0451 Texas Instruments, Inc. idProduct 0x2046 TUSB2046 Hub bcdDevice 1.25 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 0 iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 25 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xe0 Self Powered Remote Wakeup MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0001 1x 1 bytes bInterval 255 Hub Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 41 nNbrPorts 4 wHubCharacteristic 0x0009 Per-port power switching Per-port overcurrent protection bPwrOn2PwrGood 50 * 2 milli seconds bHubContrCurrent 100 milli Ampere DeviceRemovable 0x00 PortPwrCtrlMask 0x1e Hub Port Status: Port 1: 0000.0100 power Port 2: 0000.0100 power Port 3: 0000.0100 power Port 4: 0000.0100 power Device Status: 0x0001 Self Powered RF HUB (This is one of our devices) Bus 002 Device 012: ID 078c:060c GTCO/CalComp Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x078c GTCO/CalComp idProduct 0x060c bcdDevice 0.01 iManufacturer 1 eInstruction iProduct 2 Mobi RF Hub iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 41 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 0 No Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 0 None iInterface 3 40-00898 08 11/04/10 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.11 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 135 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) The device is found and opened fine so here is the relevant read/write code. Write err = libusb_interrupt_transfer(m_usb_handle, get_Out_Endpoint(), (unsigned char*)outBuff, sizeof(outBuff), &actualBytesTransfered, 200); if(err != 0 || actualBytesTransfered != size) { syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "NATIVESUPPORT: write_Device failed. Bytes written (%d). Error Code (%s).", actualBytesTransfered, getLibUSBErrorString(err).c_str()); } else { syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "NATIVESUPPORT: write_Device Succeeded. Bytes written (%d).", actualBytesTransfered); success = true; } Read err = libusb_interrupt_transfer(m_usb_handle, IN_ENDPOINT, (unsigned char*)pData, size, &actualBytesTransfered, 1); if (err != 0 && err != LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT && err != LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE) { syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "NATIVESUPPORT: read_Device failed. Bytes written (%d). Error Code (%s).", actualBytesTransfered, getLibUSBErrorString(err).c_str()); } Logging when the issue starts. Any logging with "NATIVESUPPORT" in the message is our native library logging. You can clearly see a kernel bug as well. Dec 2 16:07:34 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2297.852041] usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 9 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2297.986504] usb 1-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2297.986699] hub 1-2:1.0: USB hub found Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2297.986875] hub 1-2:1.0: 7 ports detected Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Attached JNIEnv = 171793688 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Detached JNIEnv = 171793688 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1367 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1215 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1133 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1435 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1293 Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found: Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getVid() Looking For : Dec 2 16:07:35 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getPid() Looking For : Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2321.212677] usb 1-2.3: new full speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 10 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2321.309094] usb 1-2.3: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Attached JNIEnv = 171794712 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2321.314879] input: eInstruction Mobi RF Hub as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/usb1/1-2/1-2.3/1-2.3:1.0/input/input10 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2321.315581] generic-usb 0003:078C:060C.0007: input,hiddev97,hidraw6: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [eInstruction Mobi RF Hub] on usb-0000:00:02.1-2.3/input0 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Detached JNIEnv = 171794712 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1367 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1215 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1133 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1435 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1293 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1932 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found: 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getVid() Looking For : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getVid() Found : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getPid() Looking For : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getPid() Found : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: open_Device() Looking For : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:58 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: open_Device() Found : 001/010 Dec 2 16:07:59 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: write_Device Succeeded. Bytes written (64). Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: last message repeated 2 times Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Attached JNIEnv = 170912024 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Native Java USB_Changed_Thread() Detached JNIEnv = 170912024 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 7531 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1367 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1215 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 4673 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1133 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1060 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1435 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1293 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found VID: 1932 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: Found: 001/010 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getVid() Looking For : 001/010 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getVid() Found : 001/010 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getPid() Looking For : 001/010 Dec 2 16:08:01 Linux-Dev libNativeSupport[13180]: NATIVESUPPORT: getPid() Found : 001/010 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065353] ------------[ cut here ]------------ Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065365] kernel BUG at /build/buildd/linux-2.6.32/mm/slub.c:2969! Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065372] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065379] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/usb1/1-2/1-2.3/devnum Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065384] Modules linked in: nls_iso8859_1 nls_cp437 vfat fat rfcomm binfmt_misc ppdev sco bridge stp bnep l2cap vboxnetadp vboxnetflt vboxdrv snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_pcm_oss snd_mixer_oss snd_pcm snd_seq_dummy snd_seq_oss snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi snd_seq_midi_event snd_seq snd_timer snd_seq_device nvidia(P) cdc_acm fbcon tileblit font bitblit softcursor snd psmouse serio_raw agpgart vga16fb vgastate joydev k8temp btusb bluetooth soundcore snd_page_alloc lp i2c_nforce2 parport usb_storage usbhid hid ohci1394 ieee1394 floppy pata_amd sata_nv forcedeth Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065484] Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065492] Pid: 14301, comm: java Tainted: P (2.6.32-26-generic-pae #47-Ubuntu) Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065499] EIP: 0060:[<c0207895>] EFLAGS: 00010246 CPU: 1 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065512] EIP is at kfree+0xf5/0x100 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065517] EAX: 80000000 EBX: c27f4400 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000000 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065522] ESI: 79520603 EDI: eb869c00 EBP: dec47ed4 ESP: dec47ebc Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065528] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 00e0 SS: 0068 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065534] Process java (pid: 14301, ti=dec46000 task=e916bfc0 task.ti=dec46000) Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065539] Stack: Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065541] dec47ecc c035859d 79520603 79520603 00000000 eb869c00 dec47ee0 c0474158 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065554] <0> 79520603 dec47f50 c047676d 00000000 00000001 c08e4f58 decd5b55 dec47f00 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065567] <0> c0130dc8 dec47f14 c05b3b4f 4004550d e64555c0 dec47f34 eb869c98 00000918 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065582] Call Trace: Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065594] [<c035859d>] ? kref_put+0x2d/0x60 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065604] [<c0474158>] ? free_async+0x38/0x40 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065613] [<c047676d>] ? usbdev_ioctl+0x75d/0xb80 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065624] [<c0130dc8>] ? default_spin_lock_flags+0x8/0x10 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065634] [<c05b3b4f>] ? _spin_lock_irqsave+0x2f/0x50 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065643] [<c022108b>] ? vfs_ioctl+0x7b/0x90 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065651] [<c0221319>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x79/0x310 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065660] [<c0221f2c>] ? poll_select_set_timeout+0x6c/0x80 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065668] [<c0221617>] ? sys_ioctl+0x67/0x80 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065676] [<c01096c3>] ? sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065681] Code: 8b 03 e9 78 ff ff ff 8b 3d b0 cb 7d c0 85 ff 0f 84 48 ff ff ff 8b 0f 83 c7 04 89 f2 89 d8 ff d1 8b 0f 85 c9 75 f1 e9 32 ff ff ff <0f> 0b eb fe 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 55 89 e5 0f 1f 44 00 00 83 e8 Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065759] EIP: [<c0207895>] kfree+0xf5/0x100 SS:ESP 0068:dec47ebc Dec 2 16:08:07 Linux-Dev kernel: [ 2330.065783] ---[ end trace 3549774142e4bf3e ]--- Jeremy Roberson Software Engineer eInstruction(r)'s Mobi(tm) Interactive Whiteboard - winner of Tech and Learning Award of Excellence 2010! jeremy.roberson@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx www.einstruction.com This message is intended only for the use of the individual (s) or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and/or proprietary to eInstruction and its affiliates. 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