Jayson Smith writes: > Also, is there a way to find out, in numeric terms, the permissions of a > file or directory? Keeping up with what 755, rwx--r--r or whatever, etc. > means when compared to each other is a bit difficult for me at times. I'm unaware that you can have ls put out permissions as their octal equivalents, but I may learn something. Still, if you remember that the "rwx--r--r" comes in groups of three, you might find it easier. Here's how: The first char is all by itself. It tells you whether the file is a diectory, a link, etc. The rest are grouped by three. r is always 4 w is always 2 x is always 1 So, the example you gave, rwx--r--r, becomes 744. And, the firstgroup of three, or the first octal digit, is for owner, the next for group, and the last for world.