Hi all, The question about whether someone had read the manual can, in some cases, become a match that sets off an explosion. If Chris has been reading the manual, and something isn't clear that is preventing the Alsa drivers from compiling properly, then he needs help to interpret what he has read. Sometimes reading the manual compounds the problem. I think that Chris would be better served if his questions were answered rather than inquiring as to his competency in reading man pages. "Have you read the manual?", is a easy, quick and dirty solution to someone's problem. I know that it is important to understand documentation, but sometimes one needs to talk to a human, not a manual. Sounds like Chris has been struggling with alsa for a long time. I can't help, don't know enough. However, I do know that configuring Alsa can be complicated and frustrating. Let's not get a bad rep like the Emacspeak list, guys. Somebody, please give this guy a hand. Ann P. -- Ann K. Parsons email: akp at eznet.net WEB SITE: http://home.eznet.net/~akp "All that is gold does not glitter. Not all those who wander are lost." JRRT