Rich recently speculated on why some things become standards. It boils down to formating. The reason PDF has become popular is that it is the only means which a publisher can eb sure their layout remains intact. A PDF doc will look the same regardless of the computer and/or printer used. There could be a breakdown in print resolution, but a 8.5 by 11 page will have the line breaks the same regardless of the medium. The argument is of course that the information is more important then the formatting. But when someone spends a butt load of time and effort on formatting to help convey information they aren't keen on throwing it out. Further, it is much harder to make formatting that adjusts well to all resolutions. If you don't understand this, leave it to "one of the stupid sited things." Then of course there is conversion factors. MIT can convert much of its course work to PDF much cheaper then HTML. Figure much is probably already in Word format. Add in a program and you can convert this to PDF in minutes. To do a good job of HTML will take much longer if there is any advanced formatting. Manpower is more expensive then licensing in many cases. Especially when they can negotiate the later. Adobe will give a huge break in fees to MIT if all courses are published in their format. This way they can stick it to others at a better (for them) price later. This is also why m$ charges a university less then half of retail for their products. ======= Kirk Wood Cpt.Kirk at 1tree.net Nowlan's Theory: He who hesitates is not only lost, but several miles from the next freeway exit.