A couple of things come to mind. /dev/dsp should be a synmlink, is it? Did you edit your modules.conf to place the alsa aliases in there? The program amixer is totally command line driven, you might like to try it. Check the groups on the various dsp/audio devices and make sure you as a user are in the group which can access those devices. You should be able to use cat to send a .au file to /dev/audio or a .wav file to /dev/dsp. Aplay is a program with alsa to allow you to play various sound files so you might try that as well. good luck. Kirk -- Kirk Reiser The Computer Braille Facility e-mail: kirk at braille.uwo.ca University of Western Ontario phone: (519) 661-3061