... I've got a target to generate AER errors by generating read cycles that are inside the address range that the bridge forwards but outside of any BAR because there are 2 different sized BARs. (Pretty easy to setup.) On the system I was using they didn't get propagated all the way to the root bridge - but were visible in the lower bridge. It would be nice for a driver to be able to detect/clear such a flag if it gets an unexpected ~0u read value. (I'm not sure an error callback helps.) OTOH a 'nebs compliant' server routed any kind of PCIe link error through to some 'system management' logic that then raised an NMI. I'm not sure who thought an NMI was a good idea - they are pretty impossible to handle in the kernel and too late to be of use to the code performing the access. In any case we were getting one after 'echo 1 >xxx/remove' and then taking the PCIe link down by reprogramming the fpga. So the link going down was entirely expected, but there seemed to be nothing we could do to stop the kernel crashing. I'm sure 'nebs compliant' ought to contain some requirements for resilience to hardware failures! David - Registered Address Lakeside, Bramley Road, Mount Farm, Milton Keynes, MK1 1PT, UK Registration No: 1397386 (Wales)