On Tue, 9 Aug 2011 13:03:54 +0200, dexen deVries
<dexen.devries@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Hi Gordan,
On Tuesday 09 of August 2011 12:18:12 you wrote:
I'm seeing nilfs_cleanerd using a lot of disk write bandwidth
according
to iotop. It seems to be performing approximately equal amounts of
reads
and writes when it is running. Reads I can understand, but why is
it
writing so much in order to garbage collect? Should it not be just
trying to mark blocks as free? The disk I/O r/w symmetry implies
that it
is trying to do something like defragment the file system. Is there
a
way to configure this behaviour in some way? The main use-case I
have
for nilfs is cheap flash media that suffers from terrible
random-write
performance, but on such media this many writes are going to cause
media
failure very quickly. What can be done about this?
I'm not a NILFS2 developer, so don't rely too much on the following
remarks!
NILFS2 consider filesystem as a (wrapped around) list of segments, by
default
each 8MB. Those segments contain both file data and metadata.
cleanerd operates on whole segments; normally either 2 or 4 in one
pass
(depending on remaining free space). It seems to me a segment is
reclaimed
when there is any amount of garbage in it, no matter how small. Thus
you see,
in some cases, about as much of read as of write.
One way could be be to make cleanerd configurable so it doesn't
reclaim
segments that have only very little garbage in them. That would
probably be a
trade-off between wasted diskspace and lessened bandwidth use.
As for wearing flash media down, I believe NILFS2 is still very good
for them,
because it tends to write in large chunks -- much larger than the
original
512B sector -- and not over-write once written areas (untill
reclaimed by
cleanerd, often much, much later). Once the flash' large erase unit
is erased,
NILFS2 append-writes to it, but not over-writes already written data.
Which
means the flash is erased almost as little as possible.
Interesting. I still think something should be done to minimize the
amount of writes required. How about something like the following.
Divide situations into 3 classes (thresholds should be adjustable in
nilfs_cleanerd.conf):
1) Free space good (e.g. space >= 25%)
Don't do any garbage collection at all, unless an entire block contains
only garbage.
2) Free space low (e.g. 10% < space < 25%)
Run GC as now, with the nice/ionice applied. Only GC blocks where
$block_free_space_percent >= $disk_free_space_percent. So as the disk
space starts to decrease, the number of blocks that get considered for
GC increase, too.
3) Free space critical (e.g. space < 10%)
As 2) but start decreasing niceness/ioniceness (niceness by 3 for every
1% drop in free space, so for example:
10% - 19
...
7% - 10
...
4% - 1
3% - -2
...
1% - -8
This would give a very gradual increase in GC aggressiveness that would
both minimize unnecessary writes that shorted flash life and provide a
softer landing in terms of performance degradation as space starts to
run out.
The other idea that comes to mind on top of this is to GC blocks in
order of % of space in the block being reclaimable. That would allow for
the minimum number of blocks to always be GC-ed to get the free space
above the required threshold.
Thoughts?
Gordan
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