On Mon, Jul 13, 2015 at 05:35:15PM +0900, Gioh Kim wrote: > My ARM-based platform occured severe fragmentation problem after long-term > (several days) test. Sometimes even order-3 page allocation failed. It has > memory size 512MB ~ 1024MB. 30% ~ 40% memory is consumed for graphic processing > and 20~30 memory is reserved for zram. > The primary motivation of this series is to reduce fragmentation by allowing more kernel pages to be moved. Conceptually that is a worthwhile goal but there should be at least one major in-kernel user and while balloon pages were a good starting point, I think we really need to see what the zram changes look like at the same time. > I found that many pages of GPU driver and zram are non-movable pages. So I > reported Minchan Kim, the maintainer of zram, and he made the internal > compaction logic of zram. And I made the internal compaction of GPU driver. > I am not familiar with the internals of zram but I took a look at what it merged. At a glance the compaction it implements and what you need are are different in important respects. The core ability to move a zsmalloc object is useful but the motivation of zram compaction appears to be reducing the memory footprint. You need to reduce fragmentation which is not the same. You could be faced with a situation where a full page in an awkward place. Then there are three choices I can think of quickly and probably more 1. You can move the whole page to another whole page and update all the references. This would play nicely with how compactions migrate and free scanner operates. However, you need free memory to move it 2. You could try moving the full page into other zsmalloc pages so that memory usage is also potentially reduced. This would work better with what Minchan intended but then there is the problem of discovery. Potentially it means though that another address space callback is required to nominate a target migration page 3. Hybrid approach. First trigger the zsmalloc compaction as it currently exists, then kick of compaction and move whole pages regardless of their content. The downside here is that it's expensive and potentially copies data multiple times but it's going to be easier to implement than 2. 1 would be the logical starting point, 3 is probably most effective even if it's expensive and 2 is probably the best overall if the search costs can be controlled. This is a lot more complex than what balloon requires which is why I would like to see it pinned down before new address_space operations are created. Once they are created and drivers start using them then we lose a lot of flexibilty and fixing the design becomes a lot harder. With that in mind, I'll still read the rest of the series. -- Mel Gorman SUSE Labs -- To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in the body to majordomo@xxxxxxxxx. For more info on Linux MM, see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ . Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@xxxxxxxxx";> email@xxxxxxxxx </a>