v6 Forward
--------------------------------
v6 improves on v5[1] in 3 major ways:
1. Changed MADV_COLLAPSE eligibility semantics. In v5, MADV_COLLAPSE
ignored khugepaged max_ptes_* sysfs settings, as well as all sysfs defrag
settings. v6 takes this further by also decoupling MADV_COLLAPSE from
sysfs enabled setting. MADV_COLLAPSE can now initiate a collapse of memory
into THPs in "madvise" and "never" mode, and doesn't ever require
VM_HUGEPAGE. MADV_COLLAPSE retains it's adherence to not operating on
VM_NOHUGEPAGE-marked VMAs.
2. Thanks to a patch by Yang Shi to remove UMA hugepage preallocation,
hugepage allocation in khugepaged is independent of CONFIG_NUMA. This
allows us to reuse all the allocation codepaths between collapse contexts,
greatly simplifying struct collapse_control. Redundant khugepaged
heuristic flags have also been merged into a new enforce_page_heuristics
flag.
3. Using MADV_COLLAPSE's new eligibility semantics, the hacks in the
selftests to disable khugepaged are no longer necessary, since we can test
MADV_COLLAPSE in "never" THP mode to prevent khugepaged interaction.
Introduction
--------------------------------
This series provides a mechanism for userspace to induce a collapse of
eligible ranges of memory into transparent hugepages in process context,
thus permitting users to more tightly control their own hugepage
utilization policy at their own expense.
This idea was introduced by David Rientjes[2].
Interface
--------------------------------
The proposed interface adds a new madvise(2) mode, MADV_COLLAPSE, and
leverages the new process_madvise(2) call.
process_madvise(2)
Performs a synchronous collapse of the native pages
mapped by the list of iovecs into transparent hugepages.
This operation is independent of the system THP sysfs settings,
but attempts to collapse VMAs marked VM_NOHUGEPAGE will still fail.
THP allocation may enter direct reclaim and/or compaction.
When a range spans multiple VMAs, the semantics of the collapse
over of each VMA is independent from the others.
Caller must have CAP_SYS_ADMIN if not acting on self.
Return value follows existing process_madvise(2) conventions. A
“success” indicates that all hugepage-sized/aligned regions
covered by the provided range were either successfully
collapsed, or were already pmd-mapped THPs.
madvise(2)
Equivalent to process_madvise(2) on self, with 0 returned on
“success”.
Current Use-Cases
--------------------------------
(1) Immediately back executable text by THPs. Current support provided
by CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS may take a long time on a large
system which might impair services from serving at their full rated
load after (re)starting. Tricks like mremap(2)'ing text onto
anonymous memory to immediately realize iTLB performance prevents
page sharing and demand paging, both of which increase steady state
memory footprint. With MADV_COLLAPSE, we get the best of both
worlds: Peak upfront performance and lower RAM footprints. Note
that subsequent support for file-backed memory is required here.
(2) malloc() implementations that manage memory in hugepage-sized
chunks, but sometimes subrelease memory back to the system in
native-sized chunks via MADV_DONTNEED; zapping the pmd. Later,
when the memory is hot, the implementation could
madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to re-back the memory by THPs to regain
hugepage coverage and dTLB performance. TCMalloc is such an
implementation that could benefit from this[3]. A prior study of
Google internal workloads during evaluation of Temeraire, a
hugepage-aware enhancement to TCMalloc, showed that nearly 20% of
all cpu cycles were spent in dTLB stalls, and that increasing
hugepage coverage by even small amount can help with that[4].
Future work
--------------------------------
Only private anonymous memory is supported by this series. File and
shmem memory support will be added later.
One possible user of this functionality is a userspace agent that
attempts to optimize THP utilization system-wide by allocating THPs
based on, for example, task priority, task performance requirements, or
heatmaps. For the latter, one idea that has already surfaced is using
DAMON to identify hot regions, and driving THP collapse through a new
DAMOS_COLLAPSE scheme[5].
Sequence of Patches
--------------------------------
* Patch 1 (Yang Shi) removes UMA hugepage preallocation and makes
khugepaged hugepage allocation independent of CONFIG_NUMA
* Patches 2-8 perform refactoring of collapse logic within khugepaged.c
and introduce the notion of a collapse context.
* Patch 9 introduces MADV_COLLAPSE and is the main patch in this series.
* Patch 10 is a tidy-up.
* Patches 11 adds process_madvise(2) support.
* Patches 12-14 add selftests.
* Patch 15 adds support for user tools.
Applies against next-20220603
Changelog
--------------------------------
v5 -> v6:
* Added 'mm: khugepaged: don't carry huge page to the next loop for
!CONFIG_NUMA'
(Yang Shi)
* 'mm/khugepaged: record SCAN_PMD_MAPPED when scan_pmd() finds THP'
-> Add a pmd_bad() check for nonhuge pmds (Peter Xu)
* 'mm/khugepaged: dedup and simplify hugepage alloc and charging'
-> Remove dependency on 'mm/khugepaged: sched to numa node when collapse
huge page'
-> No more !NUMA casing
* 'mm/khugepaged: make allocation semantics context-specific'
-> Renamed from 'mm/khugepaged: make hugepage allocation
context-specific'
-> Removed function pointer hooks. (David Rientjes)
-> Added gfp_t member to control allocation semantics.
* 'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore khugepaged heuristics'
-> Squashed from
'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore khugepaged_max_ptes_*' and
'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore page young/referenced requirement'.
(David Rientjes)
* Added 'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore THP sysfs enabled'
* 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse'
-> Use hugepage_vma_check() instead of transparent_hugepage_active()
to determine vma eligibility.
-> Only retry collapse once per hugepage if pages aren't found on LRU
-> Save last failed result for more accurate errno
-> Refactored loop structure
-> Renamed labels
* 'selftests/vm: modularize collapse selftests'
-> Refactored into straightline code and removed loop over contexts.
* 'selftests/vm: add MADV_COLLAPSE collapse context to selftests;
-> Removed ->init() and ->cleanup() hooks from struct collapse_context()
(David Rientjes)
-> MADV_COLLAPSE operates in "never" THP mode to prevent khugepaged
interaction. Removed all the previous khugepaged hacks.
* Added 'tools headers uapi: add MADV_COLLAPSE madvise mode to tools'
* Rebased on next-20220603
v4 -> v5:
* Fix kernel test robot <lkp@xxxxxxxxx> errors
* 'mm/khugepaged: make hugepage allocation context-specific'
-> Fix khugepaged_alloc_page() UMA definition
* 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse'
-> Add "fallthrough" pseudo keyword to fix -Wimplicit-fallthrough
v3 -> v4:
* 'mm/khugepaged: record SCAN_PMD_MAPPED when scan_pmd() finds THP'
-> Dropped pmd_none() check from find_pmd_or_thp_or_none()
-> Moved SCAN_PMD_MAPPED after SCAN_PMD_NULL
-> Dropped <lkp@xxxxxxxxx> from sign-offs
* 'mm/khugepaged: add struct collapse_control'
-> Updated commit description and some code comments
-> Removed extra brackets added in khugepaged_find_target_node()
* Added 'mm/khugepaged: dedup hugepage allocation and charging code'
* 'mm/khugepaged: make hugepage allocation context-specific'
-> Has been majorly reworked to replace ->gfp() and ->alloc_hpage()
struct collapse_control hooks with a ->alloc_charge_hpage() hook
which makes node-allocation, gfp flags, node scheduling, hpage
allocation, and accounting/charging context-specific.
-> Dropped <lkp@xxxxxxxxx> from sign-offs
* Added 'mm/khugepaged: pipe enum scan_result codes back to callers'
-> Replaces 'mm/khugepaged: add struct collapse_result'
* Dropped 'mm/khugepaged: add struct collapse_result'
* 'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore khugepaged_max_ptes_*'
-> Moved before 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage
collapse'
* 'mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore page young/referenced requirement'
-> Moved before 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage
collapse'
* 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse'
-> Moved struct collapse_control* argument to end of alloc_hpage()
-> Some refactoring to rebase on top changes to struct
collapse_control hook changes and other previous commits.
-> Reworded commit description
-> Dropped <lkp@xxxxxxxxx> from sign-offs
* 'mm/khugepaged: rename prefix of shared collapse functions'
-> Renamed from 'mm/khugepaged: remove khugepaged prefix from shared
collapse functions'
-> Instead of dropping "khugepaged_" prefix, replace with
"hpage_collapse_"
-> Dropped <lkp@xxxxxxxxx> from sign-offs
* Rebased onto next-20220502
v2 -> v3:
* Collapse semantics have changed: the gfp flags used for hugepage
allocation now are independent of khugepaged.
* Cover-letter: add primary use-cases and update description of collapse
semantics.
* 'mm/khugepaged: make hugepage allocation context-specific'
-> Added .gfp operation to struct collapse_control
* 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse'
-> Added madvise context .gfp implementation.
-> Set scan_result appropriately on early exit due to mm exit or vma
vma revalidation.
-> Reword patch description
* Rebased onto next-20220426
v1 -> v2:
* Cover-letter clarification and added RFC -> v1 notes
* Fixes issues reported by kernel test robot <lkp@xxxxxxxxx>
* 'mm/khugepaged: record SCAN_PMD_MAPPED when scan_pmd() finds THP'
-> Fixed mixed code/declarations
* 'mm/khugepaged: make hugepage allocation context-specific'
-> Fixed bad function signature in !NUMA && TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE configs
-> Added doc comment to retract_page_tables() for "cc"
* 'mm/khugepaged: add struct collapse_result'
-> Added doc comment to retract_page_tables() for "cr"
* 'mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse'
-> Added MADV_COLLAPSE definitions for alpha, mips, parisc, xtensa
-> Moved an "#ifdef NUMA" so that khugepaged_find_target_node() is
defined in !NUMA && TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE configs.
* 'mm/khugepaged: remove khugepaged prefix from shared collapse'
functions
-> Removed khugepaged prefix from khugepaged_find_target_node on L914
* Rebased onto next-20220414
RFC -> v1:
* The series was significantly reworked from RFC and most patches are
entirely new or reworked.
* Collapse eligibility criteria has changed: MADV_COLLAPSE now respects
VM_NOHUGEPAGE.
* Collapse semantics have changed: the gfp flags used for hugepage
allocation now match that of khugepaged for the same VMA, instead of the
gfp flags used
at-fault for calling process for the VMA.
* Collapse semantics have changed: The collapse semantics for multiple VMAs
spanning a single MADV_COLLAPSE call are now independent, whereas before
the idea was to allow direct reclaim/compaction if any spanned VMA
permitted so.
* The process_madvise(2) flags, MADV_F_COLLAPSE_LIMITS and
MADV_F_COLLAPSE_DEFRAG have been removed.
* Implementation change: the RFC implemented collapse over a range of
hugepages in a batched-fashion with the aim of doing multiple page table
updates inside a single mmap_lock write. This has been changed, and the
implementation now collapses each hugepage-aligned/sized region
iteratively. This was motivated by an experiment which showed that, when
multiple threads were concurrently faulting during a MADV_COLLAPSE
operation, mean and tail latency to acquire mmap_lock in read for threads
in the fault patch was improved by using a batch size of 1 (batch sizes
of 1, 8, 16, 32 were tested)[6].
* Added: If a collapse operation fails because a page isn't found on the
LRU, do a lru_add_drain_all() and retry.
* Added: selftests
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220504214437.2850685-1-zokeefe@xxxxxxxxxx/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/d098c392-273a-36a4-1a29-59731cdf5d3d@xxxxxxxxxx/
[3] https://github.com/google/tcmalloc/tree/master/tcmalloc
[4] https://research.google/pubs/pub50370/
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/bcc8d9a0-81d-5f34-5e4-fcc28eb7ce@xxxxxxxxxx/T/
[6] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAAa6QmRc76n-dspGT7UK8DkaqZAOz-CkCsME1V7KGtQ6Yt2FqA@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
Zach O'Keefe (15):
mm: khugepaged: don't carry huge page to the next loop for
!CONFIG_NUMA
mm/khugepaged: record SCAN_PMD_MAPPED when scan_pmd() finds THP
mm/khugepaged: add struct collapse_control
mm/khugepaged: dedup and simplify hugepage alloc and charging
mm/khugepaged: make allocation semantics context-specific
mm/khugepaged: pipe enum scan_result codes back to callers
mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore khugepaged heuristics
mm/khugepaged: add flag to ignore THP sysfs enabled
mm/madvise: introduce MADV_COLLAPSE sync hugepage collapse
mm/khugepaged: rename prefix of shared collapse functions
mm/madvise: add MADV_COLLAPSE to process_madvise()
selftests/vm: modularize collapse selftests
selftests/vm: add MADV_COLLAPSE collapse context to selftests
selftests/vm: add selftest to verify recollapse of THPs
tools headers uapi: add MADV_COLLAPSE madvise mode to tools
arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/mman.h | 2 +
arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/mman.h | 2 +
arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/mman.h | 2 +
arch/xtensa/include/uapi/asm/mman.h | 2 +
include/linux/huge_mm.h | 12 +
include/trace/events/huge_memory.h | 3 +-
include/uapi/asm-generic/mman-common.h | 2 +
mm/internal.h | 1 +
mm/khugepaged.c | 673 +++++++++++--------
mm/madvise.c | 11 +-
mm/rmap.c | 15 +-
tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/mman-common.h | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c | 401 ++++++-----
13 files changed, 679 insertions(+), 449 deletions(-)
--
2.36.1.255.ge46751e96f-goog
