On Fri, May 20, 2022 at 02:31:26AM +0800, Chih-En Lin wrote: > +++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h > @@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ struct page { > #ifdef LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS > int _last_cpupid; > #endif > + atomic_t cow_pgtable_refcount; /* COW page table */ > pmd_t *cow_pte_owner; /* cow pte: pmd */ > } _struct_page_alignment; Oh. You need another 4 bytes. Hmm. Can you share _refcount? Using _pt_pad_2 should be possible, but some care will be needed to make sure it's (a) in a union with an unsigned long to keep the alignment as expected, and (b) is definitely zero before the page is freed (or the page allocator will squawk at you).