>> Do we adjust the count twice? >> > > Ah, I got the reason why we need to adjust count for *unplugged* sub-blocks. Exactly. > >>> - for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) { >>> - page = pfn_to_page(pfn + i); >>> - if (WARN_ON(!page_ref_dec_and_test(page))) > > Another question is when we grab a refcount for the unpluged pages? The one > you mentioned in virtio_mem_set_fake_offline(). Yeah, that was confusing on my side. I actually meant virtio_mem_fake_offline() - patch #12. We have a reference on unplugged (fake offline) blocks via 1. memmap initialization, if never online via generic_online_page() So if we keep pages fake offline when onlining memory, they a) Have a refcount of 1 b) Have *not* increased the managed page count 2. alloc_contig_range(), if fake offlined. After we fake-offlined pages (e.g., patch #12), such pages a) Have a refcount of 1 b) Have *not* increased the managed page count (because we manually decreased it) -- Thanks, David / dhildenb