I analysied the code about swapoff and swapout, and I suspected there may be a race. The kernel version is 4.14 stable. CPU0 CPU1 swapoff swap out add_to_swap get_swap_page ...... get_swap_pages spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock) get swap_info_struct spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock) spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock) __def_from_avail_list(swap_info_struct) spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock) ...... try_to_unuse // unuse all slot /* get a free slot from swap_info_struct, * and write data to slot later */ scan_swap_map_slots free swap_info_struct ....... If CPU1 get the swap_info_struct first, then CPU0 delete it from list and unuse all slot in swap_info_struct, before CPU0 free swap_info_struct CPU1 call scan_swap_map_slots to alloc a free slot. I am not sure the analysis above is correct, Please let me know if there is any mistake Thanks ChenWandun