On Tue, Aug 27, 2024 at 09:59:54AM -0700, Nicolin Chen wrote: > +static int arm_smmu_viommu_cache_invalidate(struct iommufd_viommu *viommu, > + struct iommu_user_data_array *array) > +{ > + struct iommu_domain *domain = iommufd_viommu_to_parent_domain(viommu); > + > + return __arm_smmu_cache_invalidate_user( > + to_smmu_domain(domain), viommu, array); I'd like to have the viommu struct directly hold the VMID. The nested parent should be sharable between multiple viommus, it doesn't make any sense that it would hold the vmid. This is struggling because it is trying too hard to not have the driver allocate the viommu, and I think we should just go ahead and do that. Store the vmid, today copied from the nesting parent in the vmid private struct. No need for iommufd_viommu_to_parent_domain(), just rework the APIs to pass the vmid down not a domain. Jason