The standard udev unload is a true open barrier so has an implicit revoke() caused by the fact you cannot keep a handle to the filename open during the udev sequence (or the old driver would be pinned by a refcount and not unload). This isn't about hard links, its about object and handle lifetimes. Ownership is also involved in the case of things like a tty device (so if you can fchmod down the handle you can break the security model). It only works because you have a true revoke (by virtue of refcounting in the kernel driver modules) Alan -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-fsdevel" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html