Hi, Background: despite having very little experience in the block and bio layers, I am attempting to convert the Direct IO parts of them from using get_user_pages_fast(), to pin_user_pages_fast(). This requires the use of a corresponding special release call: unpin_user_pages(), instead of the generic put_page(). Fortunately, Christoph Hellwig has observed [1] (more than once [2]) that only "a little" refactoring is required, because it is *almost* true that bio_release_pages() could just be switched over from calling put_page(), to unpin_user_page(). The "not quite" part is mainly due to the zero page. There are a few write paths that pad zeroes, and they use the zero page. That's where I'd like some advice. How to refactor things, so that the zero page does not end up in the list of pages that bio_release_pages() acts upon? To ground this in reality, one of the partial call stacks is: do_direct_IO() dio_zero_block() page = ZERO_PAGE(0); <-- This is a problem I'm not sure what to use, instead of that zero page! The zero page doesn't need to be allocated nor tracked, and so any replacement approaches would need either other storage, or some horrid scheme that I won't go so far as to write on the screen. :) [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220120141219.GB11707@xxxxxx/ (2022) [2] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20190724053053.GA18330@xxxxxxxxxxxxx/ (2019) thanks in advance, -- John Hubbard NVIDIA