UEFI Specification version 2.9 introduces the concept of memory
acceptance: some Virtual Machine platforms, such as Intel TDX or AMD
SEV-SNP, requiring memory to be accepted before it can be used by the
guest. Accepting happens via a protocol specific for the Virtual
Machine platform.
Accepting memory is costly and it makes VMM allocate memory for the
accepted guest physical address range. It's better to postpone memory
acceptance until memory is needed. It lowers boot time and reduces
memory overhead.
The kernel needs to know what memory has been accepted. Firmware
communicates this information via memory map: a new memory type --
EFI_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY -- indicates such memory.
Range-based tracking works fine for firmware, but it gets bulky for
the kernel: e820 has to be modified on every page acceptance. It leads
to table fragmentation, but there's a limited number of entries in the
e820 table
Another option is to mark such memory as usable in e820 and track if the
range has been accepted in a bitmap. One bit in the bitmap represents
2MiB in the address space: one 4k page is enough to track 64GiB or
physical address space.
In the worst-case scenario -- a huge hole in the middle of the
address space -- It needs 256MiB to handle 4PiB of the address
space.
Any unaccepted memory that is not aligned to 2M gets accepted upfront.
The approach lowers boot time substantially. Boot to shell is ~2.5x
faster for 4G TDX VM and ~4x faster for 64G.
TDX-specific code isolated from the core of unaccepted memory support. It
supposed to help to plug-in different implementation of unaccepted memory
such as SEV-SNP.
The tree can be found here:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kas/linux.git unaccepted-memory
v8:
- Rewrite core-mm support for unaccepted memory (patch 02/14);
- s/UnacceptedPages/Unaccepted/ in meminfo;
- Drop arch/x86/boot/compressed/compiler.h;
- Fix build errors;
- Adjust commit messages and comments;
- Reviewed-bys from Dave and Borislav;
- Rebased to tip/master.
v7:
- Rework meminfo counter to use PageUnaccepted() and move to generic code;
- Fix range_contains_unaccepted_memory() on machines without unaccepted memory;
- Add Reviewed-by from David;
v6:
- Fix load_unaligned_zeropad() on machine with unaccepted memory;
- Clear PageUnaccepted() on merged pages, leaving it only on head;
- Clarify error handling in allocate_e820();
- Fix build with CONFIG_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY=y, but without TDX;
- Disable kexec at boottime instead of build conflict;
- Rebased to tip/master;
- Spelling fixes;
- Add Reviewed-by from Mike and David;
v5:
- Updates comments and commit messages;
+ Explain options for unaccepted memory handling;
- Expose amount of unaccepted memory in /proc/meminfo
- Adjust check in page_expected_state();
- Fix error code handling in allocate_e820();
- Centralize __pa()/__va() definitions in the boot stub;
- Avoid includes from the main kernel in the boot stub;
- Use an existing hole in boot_param for unaccepted_memory, instead of adding
to the end of the structure;
- Extract allocate_unaccepted_memory() form allocate_e820();
- Complain if there's unaccepted memory, but kernel does not support it;
- Fix vmstat counter;
- Split up few preparatory patches;
- Random readability adjustments;
v4:
- PageBuddyUnaccepted() -> PageUnaccepted;
- Use separate page_type, not shared with offline;
- Rework interface between core-mm and arch code;
- Adjust commit messages;
- Ack from Mike;
Kirill A. Shutemov (14):
x86/boot: Centralize __pa()/__va() definitions
mm: Add support for unaccepted memory
mm: Report unaccepted memory in meminfo
efi/x86: Get full memory map in allocate_e820()
x86/boot: Add infrastructure required for unaccepted memory support
efi/x86: Implement support for unaccepted memory
x86/boot/compressed: Handle unaccepted memory
x86/mm: Reserve unaccepted memory bitmap
x86/mm: Provide helpers for unaccepted memory
x86/mm: Avoid load_unaligned_zeropad() stepping into unaccepted memory
x86: Disable kexec if system has unaccepted memory
x86/tdx: Make _tdx_hypercall() and __tdx_module_call() available in
boot stub
x86/tdx: Refactor try_accept_one()
x86/tdx: Add unaccepted memory support
Documentation/x86/zero-page.rst | 1 +
arch/x86/Kconfig | 2 +
arch/x86/boot/bitops.h | 40 ++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 3 +-
arch/x86/boot/compressed/align.h | 14 +++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/bitmap.c | 43 ++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/bitmap.h | 49 +++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/bits.h | 36 +++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi.h | 1 +
arch/x86/boot/compressed/error.c | 19 ++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/error.h | 1 +
arch/x86/boot/compressed/find.c | 54 ++++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/find.h | 79 +++++++++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/ident_map_64.c | 8 --
arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c | 35 ++++---
arch/x86/boot/compressed/math.h | 37 +++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/mem.c | 122 ++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/minmax.h | 61 +++++++++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c | 6 ++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h | 15 +++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/pgtable_types.h | 25 +++++
arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.c | 2 -
arch/x86/boot/compressed/tdx-shared.c | 2 +
arch/x86/boot/compressed/tdx.c | 39 +++++++
arch/x86/coco/tdx/Makefile | 2 +-
arch/x86/coco/tdx/tdx-shared.c | 95 +++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/coco/tdx/tdx.c | 113 +--------------------
arch/x86/include/asm/kexec.h | 5 +
arch/x86/include/asm/page.h | 3 +
arch/x86/include/asm/shared/tdx.h | 48 +++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/tdx.h | 21 +---
arch/x86/include/asm/unaccepted_memory.h | 16 +++
arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/bootparam.h | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/e820.c | 17 ++++
arch/x86/mm/Makefile | 2 +
arch/x86/mm/unaccepted_memory.c | 123 +++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/base/node.c | 7 ++
drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig | 14 +++
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c | 1 +
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c | 101 ++++++++++++++++---
fs/proc/meminfo.c | 5 +
include/linux/efi.h | 3 +-
include/linux/kexec.h | 7 ++
include/linux/mmzone.h | 8 ++
include/linux/page-flags.h | 24 +++++
kernel/kexec.c | 4 +
kernel/kexec_file.c | 4 +
mm/internal.h | 12 +++
mm/memblock.c | 9 ++
mm/page_alloc.c | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++
mm/vmstat.c | 1 +
51 files changed, 1291 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/align.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/bitmap.c
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/bitmap.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/bits.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/find.c
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/find.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/math.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/mem.c
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/minmax.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/pgtable_types.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/boot/compressed/tdx-shared.c
create mode 100644 arch/x86/coco/tdx/tdx-shared.c
create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/unaccepted_memory.h
create mode 100644 arch/x86/mm/unaccepted_memory.c
--
2.38.0
