On Thu, 30 Jul, at 09:39:47PM, joeyli wrote: > > OK, understood! Thanks for your suggestion! > > But, I have a question about mapping Boot Code/Data to -4G area. I understand > we need Runtime regions, and 1:1 mapping is the workaround of some buggy BIOS. > But why should kernel mapping Boot regions to -4G area? We map the Boot Service regions in the -4G area for simplicity, i.e. it's easier to iterate through the EFI memory map in order, and map things starting at -4G and working down to lower addresses, than it would be to make different mapping decisions based on the region type. As for why we map the Boot Service regions *at all*, that's also a bug workaround, see commit 916f676f8dc0 ("x86, efi: Retain boot service code until after switching to virtual mode"). We setup the mappings before we call efi_free_boot_services(). -- Matt Fleming, Intel Open Source Technology Center -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-efi" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html