On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 02:22:37PM -0700, John Hubbard wrote: > Or am I way off here, and it really is possible (aside from the current > s390 situation) to observe something that "is no longer a page table"? Yes, that is the issue. Remember there is no locking for GUP fast. While a page table cannot be freed there is nothing preventing the page table entry from being concurrently modified. Without the stack variable it looks like this: pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp); if (!pud_present(pud)) return pmd_offset(pudp, address); And pmd_offset() expands to return (pmd_t *)pud_page_vaddr(*pud) + pmd_index(address); Between the READ_ONCE(*pudp) and (*pud) inside pmd_offset() the value of *pud can change, eg to !pud_present. Then pud_page_vaddr(*pud) will crash. It is not use after free, it is using data that has not been validated. Jason