tc questions

Linux Advanced Routing and Traffic Control

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Hi to all of you!!!

I am a Computer Science student trying to do the pre-grade thesis. I am trying 
to develop a free software tool to help administrators to control the 
traffic. Right now this tool is based on tc and iptables.
I am having some problems trying to understand tc and tc examples:
- Why in almost every list of tc rules based on htb class, there is a "tc 
qdisc dev ... root ... htb default ..." as a root node? Is it mandatory to 
work with htb class?
- I understood that every class node has its own qdisc attached (fifo by 
default, right?). If that is the case, why when I do "tc qdisc show ..." it 
JUST shows me those qdisc I explicitly attached to classes without any child 
class?
- What should I expect if I run something like this?

tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 10
tc class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 100mbit
tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 90mbit
tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:20 htb rate 1kbit
tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:20 classid 1:21 htb rate 10mbit

I guessed the traffic redirected to 1:21 should have 1kbit of rate at most 
(because of its parent 1:20), but when I ran this, I got a higher rate 
(because of the 10mbit rate, I guess). Why? Shouldn't parent classes restrict 
children's rate?

Thanks in advance. Regards, Ale.

-- 
Alejandro Ramos Encinosa <alex@xxxxx>
Fac. Matemática Computación
Universidad de La Habana
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