__direct_map() questions

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Hello All,

I am preparing for a presentation for my community college, newbie to
the kvm world. I am trying to understand kvm implementation. I am
interested in doing a small presentation  on kvm and its internals at
my school. I am looking at __direct_map() . I see
for_each_shadow_entry()->shadow_walk_xxx()  (called in context of
handle_ept_violation() ) functions using the gfn to find the
iterator.sptep. It passes this iterator.sptep to the mmu_set_spte().
While I can read the code, a few questions:

1. What is the shadow_page_xxx() walk achieving ? Why is this walk necessary ?

2. Which function (mmu_sync_roots()/alloc_roots() ?) populates this table ?

3. If I put a print() around this walk, I see the same gfn's invoking
the walk, finding the same sptep and invoking set_spte(). Why do we
have to do this repeated operation ? (I am talking in context of
handle_ept_violation() ).

4. Is the walk necessary for EPT supporting hardware as well  (I am on
a hardware that supports EPT, hence the question) ?

5. Is there any technical literature that talks about these data
structures and help me understand the logic behind them ? If you could
point me to some that will be kind of you.

Thanks in advance  and apologies if I am sending this to the wrong
list. Any help appreciated...hopefully questions are not too vague..

Nick
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