pci_stub allows the admin to block driver binding on a device and make it permanently shared with userspace. Since pci_stub does not do DMA, it is safe. However the admin must understand that using pci_stub allows userspace to attack whatever device it was bound to. Signed-off-by: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> --- drivers/pci/pci-stub.c | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci-stub.c b/drivers/pci/pci-stub.c index e408099fea52..6324c68602b4 100644 --- a/drivers/pci/pci-stub.c +++ b/drivers/pci/pci-stub.c @@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ static struct pci_driver stub_driver = { .name = "pci-stub", .id_table = NULL, /* only dynamic id's */ .probe = pci_stub_probe, + .driver = { + .suppress_auto_claim_dma_owner = true, + }, }; static int __init pci_stub_init(void) -- 2.25.1