On Fri, Nov 2, 2018 at 6:04 AM Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > I've tried making access_ok mask the parameter it gets. PLEASE don't do this. Just use "copy_to/from_user()". We have had lots of bugs because code bitrots. And no, the access_ok() checks aren't expensive, not even in a loop. They *used* to be somewhat expensive compared to the access, but that simply isn't true any more. The real expense in copy_to_user and friends are in the user access bit setting (STAC and CLAC on x86), which easily an order of magnitude more expensive than access_ok(). So just get rid of the double-underscore version. It's basically always a mis-optimization due to entirely historical reasons. I can pretty much guarantee that it's not visible in profiles. Linus