Patrik, I think that view of the world depends on one critical assumption, i.e., that the end-to-end model actually has significant value. To at least some degree, every installed carrier-grade NAT, every provider who sees the Internet in content delivery terms, every country that believes it should control addressing within its national boundaries, every ISP who has figured out a way to charge close to an order of magnitude more for a connection that (legally and technically) allows server functions rather than only client ones, perhaps every application or mechanism that assumes the web is the Internet and nothing else counts, etc., pushes us in the other direction. Each of those decisions/ actions is motivated, at least in part, by considerations other than IPv4 address space exhaustion and/or cost. There is also a chance that the Davies-Baran packet hypothesis was incorrect and that, at current and future scale, flows and dedicated or dynamic virtual circuits, even if packets are run over them, really are a better way to run at least the core of a network. In addition to the more obvious cases, almost every step toward "we should run communications between you and me over an encrypted tunnel to protect our privacy" pushes us more toward call setup and virtual circuits. In those directions, overlapping address ranges separated by ALGs work more than well enough and, from some points of view, have significant advantages of their own. If we go there, as some readings of current behavior suggest we may to be going, we will wait a really long time before your "one day" gets close. Indeed, it may be receding at several months per month as we get better at not deploying IPv6. I hope I'm wrong, but "we" spent many years trying to tell people that IPv6 was completely ready, that all transition issues had been sorted out and the needed mechanisms were well-understood, and that deployment would be easy and painless. When those stories became ever more clearly false, "we" then fell back on claims or threats that failure to deploy IPv6 before assorted events occurred would cause some evil demon to rise up ad devour them and their networks. Most of those events have now occurred without demonstrable bad effects; each one that does reduces our credibility and the credibility and plausibility of IPv6. Perhaps had plans like Tony's prevailed 15+ years ago, we'd be in much better shape, perhaps not, but, to a considerable extent, each year we live without widespread IPv6 (and no obvious signs of severe damage as a result) makes it harder to convince people of the necessity of incurring the costs and disruption of converting. The big problem with IPv6 deployment is the same as it was twenty years ago: most of the incentives we have offered as to why people should convert are not any obvious and significant advantages of the new protocol/ address model itself but fear of Bad Things Happening as IPv4 address space becomes depleted. Without significant positive incentives, the arguments, especially the economic ones, for putting resources into mitigating those threatened Bad Things or their consequences are as strong or stronger than the arguments for deploying a new protocol, an action that has many technical and non-technical costs, especially when no one seems to have a realistic theory that avoids having to operate IPv4 and IPv6 networks in parallel for an extended period. I don't particularly dislike IPv6, I just think we've failed to pay enough attention to incentives and barriers. I wish it were otherwise, really I do. sadly, john --On Thursday, December 29, 2016 08:17 +0100 Patrik Fältström <paf@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > On 29 Dec 2016, at 5:27, David Conrad wrote: > >> My suspicion (hope?) is that the increased price of IPv4 (and >> operational challenges dealing with GGNAT) will encourage >> folks to take IPv6 more seriously. > > ...in combination with the increased a. announcements of > unannounced (regardless of whether it is allocated or not) > address space; and ultimately b. announcements of address > space that is announced (as people will just not care if > someone on the other side of the planet use the space or not). > > I.e. we can just sit down, do our homework, and people will > one day see IPv4 is more work for them than IPv6. And with > homework I mean continue to improve management and use of IPv6 > address space. There is still so much more to be done. Because > one day people will come and ask for it, and when that happens > we better have the tools ready.