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IPv10 Working Group Khaled Omar
Request for Comments:
Obsoletes: November 2016
Category: Standards Track
Internet Protocol, Version 10 (IPv10)
Specification
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2016). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document specifies version 10 of the Internet Protocol (IPv10),
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................1
2. Internet Protocol version 10 (IPv10)..........................3
3. The advantages of Using IPv10.................................3
3.1. IPv10: IPv6 Host to IPv4 Host...............................4
3.2. IPv10: IPv4 Host to IPv6 Host...............................5
3.3. IPv10: IPv6 Host to IPv6 Host...............................6
3.4. IPv10: IPv4 Host to IPv4 Host...............................7
4. IPv10 Packet Header Format....................................8
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
1. Introduction
- Internet is the global wide network used for communication between
hosts connected to it.
- These connected hosts (PCs, servers, routers, mobile devices, etc.)
must have a global unique addresses to be able to communicate
through the Internet and these unique addresses are defined in the
Internet Protocol (IP).
- The first version of the Internet Protocol is IPv4.
- When IPv4 was developed in 1975, it was not expected that the number
of connected hosts to the Internet reach a very huge number of hosts
more than the IPv4 address space, also it was aimed to be used for
experimental purposes in the beginning.
- IPv4 is (32-bits) address allowing approximately 3.4 billion unique
IP addresses.
- A few years ago, with the massive increase of connected hosts to the
Internet, IPv4 addresses started to run out.
- Three short-term solutions (CIDR, Private addressing, and NAT) were
introduced in the mid-1990s but even with using these solutions,
the IPv4 address space ran out in February, 2011 as announced by
IANA, The announcement of depletion of the IPv4 address space by
the RIRs is as follows:
o April, 2011: APNIC announcement.
o September, 2012: RIPE NCC announcement.
o June, 2014: LACNIC announcement.
o September, 2015: ARIN announcement.
- A long term solution (IPv6) was introduced to increase the address
space used by the Internet Protocol and this wasdefined in the
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
- IPv6 was developed in 1998 by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF).
- IPv6 is (128-bits) address and can support a huge number of unique
IP addresses that is approximately equals to 2^128 unique addresses.
- So, the need for IPv6 became a vital issue to be able to support
the massive increase of connected hosts to the Internetafter the
IPv4 address space exhaustion.
- The migration from IPv4 to IPv6 became a necessary thing, but
unfortunately, it would take decades for this full migration to be
accomplished.
- 19 years have passed since IPv6 was developed, but no full migration
happened till now and this would cause the Internet to be divided
into two parts, as IPv4 still dominating on the Internet traffic and
new Internet hosts will be assigned IPv6 addresses.
- So, the need for solutions to the IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence became
an important issue in the migration process as we cannot wake up in
the morning and find all IPv4 hosts are migrated to be IPv6 hosts,
especially, as most enterprises? networks did not do this migration
for creating a full IPv6 implementation.
- Also, the request for using IPv6 addresses in addition to the
existing IPv4 addresses (IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks) in all enterprise
networks did not achieve a large implementation that can make IPv6
the most dominated IP in the Internet as many people believe that
they will not have benefits from just having a larger IP address
bits and IPv4 satisfies their needs, also, not all enterprises?
devices support IPv6 and also many people are afraid of the service
outage that can be caused due to this migration.
- The recent solutions for IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence are:
o IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks.
o Tunneling.
o NAT-PT and NAT64.
- The first solution: (IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks), allows both IPv4 and
IPv6 to coexist by using both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for
?all hosts? at the same time, but this solution does not allows
IPv4 hosts to communicate to IPv6 hosts and vice versa.
- The second solution: (Tunneling), allows IPv6 hosts to communicate
to each other through an IPv4 network, but still does not allows
IPv4 hosts to communicate to IPv6 hosts and vice versa.
- The third solution: (NAT-PT), allows IPv6 hosts to communicate to
IPv4 hosts with only using hostnames and getting DNS involved in
the communication process but this solution was inefficient because
it does not allows communication using direct IP addresses, also
the need for so much protocol translations of the source and
destination IP addresses made the solution complex and not
applicable that?s why it was moved to the ?Historic? status in the
RFC 2766.
Also, NAT64 requires so much protocol translations and statically
configured bindings, and also getting a DNS64 involved in the
communication process.
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
2. Internet Protocol version 10 (IPv10).
- IPv10 is the solution presented in this standard.
- It solves the issue of allowing IPv6 only hosts to communicate to
IPv4 only hosts and vice versa in a simple and very efficient way,
especially when the communication is done using both direct IP
addresses and when using hostnames between IPv10 hosts, as there
is no need for protocol translations or getting the DNS involved
in the communication process more than its normal address
resolution function.
- IPv10 allows hosts from two IP versions (IPv4 and IPv6) to be able
to communicate, and this can be accomplished by having an IPv10
packet containing a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in the same
IP packet header.
- From here the name of IPv10 arises, as the IP packet can contain
(IPv6 + IPv4 /IPv4 + IPv6) addresses in the same layer 3 packet
header.
3. Advantages of Using IPv10.
1) Introduces an efficient way of communication between IPv6 hosts
and IPv4 hosts.
2) Allows IPv4 only hosts to exist and communicate with IPv6 only
hosts even after the depletion of the IPv4 address space.
3) Adds flexibility when making a query sent to the DNS for
hostname resolution as IPv4 and IPv6 hosts can communicate with
IPv4 or IPv6 DNS servers and the DNS can reply with any record
it has (either an IPv6 record ?Host AAAA record? or an IPv4
record ?Host A record?).
4) There is no need to think about migration as both IPv4 and IPv6
hosts can coexist and communicate to each other which will
allow the usage of the address space of both IPv4 and IPv6
making the available number of connected hosts be bigger.
5) IPv10 support on "all" Internet connected hosts can be deployed
in a very short time by technology companies developing OSs
(for hosts and networking devices, and there will be no
dependence on enterprise users and it is just a software
development process in the NIC cards of all hosts to allow
encapsulating both IPv4 and IPv6 in the same IP packet header.
6) Offers the four types of communication between hosts:
o IPv6 hosts to IPv4 hosts (6 to 4).
o IPv4 hosts to IPv6 hosts (4 to 6).
o IPv6 hosts to IPv6 hosts (6 to 6).
o IPv4 hosts to IPv4 hosts (4 to 4).
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
3.1) IPv10: IPv6 Host to IPv4 Host.
------------------------------
- IPv10 Packet:
| 128-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data| Source IPv6 Address | Destination IPv4 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Sending IPv10 host TCP/IP Configuration:
IP Address: IPv6 Address
Prefix Length: /length
Default Gateway: IPv6 Address (Optional)
DNS Addresses: IPv6/IPv4 Address
- Example of IPv10 Operation:
---------------------------
R1 & R2 have both IPv4/IPv6 routing enabled
IPv10 Host IPv10 Host
PC-1 R1 * R2 PC-2
+----+ * * +----+
| | * * * * | |
| |o---------o* X *o---o* IPv4/IPv6 *o---o* X *o-----------o| |
+----+ 2001:1::1 * * * * 192.168.1.1 +----+
/ / * Network * / /
+----+ * * +----+
* *
IPv6: 2001:1::10/64 * IPv4: 192.168.1.10/24
DG : 2001:1::1 DG : 192.168.1.1
| 128-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Data | 2001:1::1 | 192.168.1.10|--->
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Src. Address Dest. Address
IPv10: IPv6 host to IPv4 host
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
3.2) IPv10: IPv4 Host to IPv6 Host.
------------------------------
- IPv10 Packet:
| 32-bit | 128-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data| Source IPv4 Address | Destination IPv6 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Sending IPv10 host TCP/IP Configuration:
IP Address: IPv4 Address
Subnet Mask: /mask
Default Gateway: IPv4 Address
DNS Addresses: IPv4/IPv6 Address
- Example of IPv10 Operation:
---------------------------
R1 & R2 have both IPv4/IPv6 routing enabled
IPv10 Host IPv10 Host
PC-1 R1 * R2 PC-2
+----+ * * +----+
| | * * * * | |
| |o---------o* X *o---o* IPv4/IPv6 *o---o* X *o-----------o| |
+----+ 2001:1::1 * * * * 192.168.1.1 +----+
/ / * Network * / /
+----+ * * +----+
* *
IPv6: 2001:1::10/64 * IPv4: 192.168.1.10/24
DG : 2001:1::1 DG : 192.168.1.1
| 128-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
<---| 2001:1::10| 192.168.1.10| Data|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Dest. Address Src. Addres
IPv10: IPv4 host to IPv6 host
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
3.3) IPv10: IPv6 Host to IPv6 Host.
------------------------------
- IPv10 Packet:
| 128-bit | 128-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data| Source IPv6 Address | Destination IPv6 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Sending IPv10 host TCP/IP Configuration:
IP Address: IPv6 Address
Prefix Length: /Length
Default Gateway: IPv6 Address (Optional)
DNS Addresses: IPv6/IPv4 Address
- Example of IPv10 Operation:
---------------------------
R1 & R2 have both IPv4/IPv6 routing enabled
IPv10 Host IPv10 Host
PC-1 R1 * R2 PC-2
+----+ * * +----+
| | * * * * | |
| |o---------o* X *o---o* IPv4/IPv6 *o---o* X *o---------o| |
+----+ 2001:1::1 * * * * 3001:1::1 +----+
/ / * Network * / /
+----+ * * +----+
* *
IPv6: 2001:1::10/64 * IPv6: 3001:1::10/64
DG : 2001:1::1 DG : 3001:1::1
| 128-bit | 128-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Data |2001:1::10 |3001:1::10 |--->
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Src. Address Dest. Address
IPv10: IPv6 host to IPv6 host
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
3.4) IPv10: IPv4 Host to IPv4 Host.
------------------------------
- IPv10 Packet:
| 32-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data| Source IPv4 Address | Destination IPv4 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Sending IPv10 host TCP/IP Configuration:
IP Address: IPv4 Address
Subnet Mask: /Mask
Default Gateway: IPv4 Address
DNS Addresses: IPv6/IPv4 Address
- Example of IPv10 Operation:
---------------------------
R1 & R2 have both IPv4/IPv6 routing enabled
IPv10 Host IPv10 Host
PC-1 R1 * R2 PC-2
+----+ * * +----+
| | * * * * | |
| |o--------o* X *o---o* IPv4/IPv6 *o---o* X *o-----------o| |
+----+ 10.1.1.1 * * * * 192.168.1.1 +----+
/ / * Network * / /
+----+ * * +----+
* *
IPv4: 10.1.1.10/24 * IPv6: 192.168.1.10/24
DG : 10.1.1.1 DG : 192.168.1.1
| 32-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Data | 10.1.1.10 | 192.168.1.10|--->
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Src. Address Dest. Address
IPv10: IPv4 host to IPv4 host
Khaled Omar Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC IPv10 Specification November 2016
4. IPv10 Packet Header Format.
- The following figure shows the IPv10 packet header which is almost
the same as the IPv6 packet header:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ +
| |
+ Source Address +
| |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ +
| |
+ Destination Address +
| |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Version 4-bit Internet Protocol version number.
o 0100 : IPv4 Packet
(Src. and dest. are IPv4).
o 0110 : IPv6 Packet
(Src. and dest. are IPv6).
o 1010 : IPv10 Packet
(Src. and dest. are IPv4/IPv6).
Traffic Class 8-bit traffic class field.
Flow Label 20-bit flow label.
Payload Length 16-bit unsigned integer. Length of the payload,
i.e., the rest of the packet following
this IP header, in octets. (Note that any
extension headers [section 4] present are
considered part of the payload, i.e., included
in the length count.)
Next Header 8-bit selector. Identifies the type of header
immediately following the IP header.
Hop Limit 8-bit unsigned integer. Decremented by 1 by
each node that forwards the packet. The packet
is discarded if Hop Limit is decremented to
zero.
Source Address 128-bit address of the originator of the packet.
| 96-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 Address | OR | 00000......0 | IPv4 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 128-bit | | 128-bit |
Destination Address 128-bit address of the intended recipient of the
packet (possibly not the ultimate recipient, if
a Routing header is present).
| 96-bit | 32-bit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 Address | OR | 00000......0 | IPv4 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 128-bit | | 128-bit |