On Wed, Oct 28, 2015 at 02:14:23PM -0400, Ted Lemon wrote: > And this is because the SMTP store-and-forward model requires that error > messages be delivered asynchronously, which is another architectural > problem with SMTP. 1. There is no requirement to always send asynchronous bounces, most properly operated mail systems strive to reject synchronously rather than accept and then bounce. Avoidable backscatter is frowned upon. 2. It is not possible to *guarantee* delivery of all mail accepted for onward relaying. *Some* asynchronous errors are unavoidable. > If error messages could be delivered at the moment of transmission rather > than later, at least most of the time, this wouldn't be an issue. Most of the time, on properly configured receiving systems, errors are already synchronous. > It's entirely possible to do it, but requires a little more > sophistication than Postfix or Sendmail have. My future-gazing crystal ball is out of stock on Amazon, delivery estimate not available. With no crystal ball to predict the future, mail queued for onward relaying might later bounce. -- Viktor.