Randall, >>RRSh> Now of course if the application wants to be aware, it can "subscribe to >>RRSh> events" that let it know that it happened. >> >>That sounds remarkably like a "presence" service. >> RRSh> No, what it is is a socket call you make that "subscribes" do address RRSh> events on the socket. oh. ok. I thought you were referring to a protocol issue, not a local programming issue. I suppose it is interesting that the language you used in your previous statement could have either meaning. Not sure _how_ it is interesting, though... d/ -- Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com> Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com> Sunnyvale, CA USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>