spam is a non-technical problem. the ietf is not well suited to solving such things. Has anyone been following the legislative discussions related to spam legislation? what's the blocking factor preventing it at (say) the US federal level? One possibly hairbrained half-technical idea which I haven't seen suggested elsewhere.. Defines a SMTP connect banner token which is the moral equivalent of a "no soliciting" sign. It indicates "unsolicited commercial email not welcome at this server". Now, lobby for the creation of laws which subjects someone who sends spam despite the "no soliciting" sign to a significant fine ($1000.00/message?), payable to the recipient. I suspect that anti-spam organizations would quickly evolve into collection agents (for a cut of the fine, of course). - Bill