I'm trying to narrow which device in an NEC VF-6 causes Linux boots to hang, permanently, in udevadm trigger and udevadm settle. Many Google searches found many pages but no tutorials on how to debug udev this way. I downloaded fresh copies of Porteus 3.1 32-bit and 64-bit. Porteus 3.1 64-bit boots fine, udev finds everything, x Windows works (I told you Windows rulez), etc. Even on this NEC VF-6. Porteus 3.1 32-bit boots fine on everything except this NEC VF-6, x Windows works, etc. Porteus 3.1 32-bit hangs when starting udev on this NEC VF-6. It's not a 120-second timeout in udevadm settle. It never wakes up. The Caps Lock key stops toggling the Caps Lock light. The Num Lock key stops toggling the Num Lock light. Ctrl+Alt+Delete is ignored. It does not appear to be a kernel panic because two of the keyboard lights don't flash. It is hanged, frozen, dead. Booting with "3 nohotplug" works (3 tells Porteus what run level to use, and nohotplug is observed by both the kernel and Porteus). In text mode I can do some amount of experiments. I don't know how to do meaningful experiments, to try to track down which device causes the hang. The kernel in Porteus 3.1 32-bit is configured with EISA enabled but not in Porteus 3.1 64-bit. I think I could figure out how to try udevadm trigger excluding eisa, but it still hanged. The PC doesn't actually contain any EISA devices, so there's an eisa.0 bus but no actual devices, so this experiment didn't change anything. Obviously for myself I could just run 64-bit Linux on this PC, but this doesn't solve the problem. I have to provide something that customers can run on any PC made since around 1999, and a lot of those don't have 64-bit CPUs. I don't know if NEC VF-6 is the only model that has problems, but I have to be able to patch something to work around this kind of problem when I learn about them. Someone found that pci=use_crs solved udev hangs on some PCs, but it didn't help on NEC VF-6. (By the way, my name is Norman Diamond. vger.kernel.org bounces mail from my real e-mail address n0diamond atsign yahoo period co period jp because I've been a big bad spammer, but I don't know what spams I seent.) -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-hotplug" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html