Hi Jonathan, Got it . Newer g++ could handle inline function better for example(plus other improvement); which could also increase binary size. These possibly added code is reflected in text section mostly. Cheers Ming ________________________________ From: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely.gcc@xxxxxxxxx> Sent: Wednesday, January 5, 2022 8:13 AM To: Ming Cheng <chengm349@xxxxxxxxxxx> Cc: gcc-help <gcc-help@xxxxxxxxxxx> Subject: Re: Fw: binary size On Wed, 5 Jan 2022, 08:11 Ming Cheng via Gcc-help, <gcc-help@xxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:gcc-help@xxxxxxxxxxx>> wrote: Hi Jonathan, Thanks for this nice advice. I'd like to learn more about cmd size. Among text/data/bss sections, which section(s) has the most impact to the perf? You are right that people should do actual test. But for the same code, in theory, larger size's perf should be always <= smaller size's . Not necessarily. Function inlining can increase size but also increase performance. You need to measure.