>> Which pass optimizes if (x != x + 10) to if (1)? Why is it not applied to -Os? > > It's not a separate pass. It's code in fold-const.c. > > I don't know why -Os makes a difference here. It does seem odd. I > encourage you to investigate what is happening. > Thank you for the comment. I found the root cause. In function tree_swap_operands_p (fold-const.c), there is a check if (optimize_function_for_size_p (cfun)) return 0; which blocks to swap (x != x + 10) to (x + 10 != x). And the following optimization can only handle (x + 10 != x). In most cases, constant-folding will benefit for code size. Any reason to add this check? Thanks! -Zhenqiang