>> 2. "and not optimize stores or loads to that memory" >> Except caching memory values in registers, is there any other >> optimizaiton for stores or loads to memory? > > Not in this case, I think it's just another way of saying the same > thing. > I think the reordering instructions involving memory operations but not stores or loads might count as some optimization. It seems that a "memory" will prevent gcc from this kind of optimization. If so, would the manual give some statements about it. In addition, an example will be more helpful for our newbies who does not have some ideas about the details underlying gcc. Or, is there any tutorail about gcc available? Thanks a lot. > Ian >