I am using uClibc (as opposed to glibc), so the backtrace() functions do not exist. I am trying to write a backtrace function, but cannot determine the stack frame for Thumb code, since it seems inconsistent. I have done several experiments: 1. Compiled using "-mtpcs-frame -mtpcs-leaf-frame". This creates a consistent stack frame, but is very expensive. It adds approximately 15 Thumb instructions per function. 2. Compiled using "-fno-omit-frame-pointer". There were 2 problems here. 2.1 When returning from main(), I did not reach a NULL fp. 2.2 The stack frame was different depending on the optimization. Tried without -O and with -O1. Got different structure of the stack frame. Is there a way to backtrace interworked ARM/Thumb code, without using tpcs? Thanx Eli Stern