Thanks Nicholas & Cedric, I stand corrected. (The C compilers I used predated the C89 standard, since I had last used C in 1989.) >From C89, I (now) expect that C++ would handle free(NULL) without problem. And I will henceforth cease my "if (p) free(p);" guard, since the if-guard is superfluous. Sincerely, --Eljay