Hi, I understand that in some cases returning by reference may be faster than returning by value. However I'm wondering how often the temporary value can be optimised out? I made a simple example which seems to show very little difference in the simple case: http://linuxjunk.blogspot.com/2009/12/returning-by-reference-faster-than.html Is there something I've missed in my test? i686-apple-darwin10-g++-4.2.1 was used. Nav