Hi James, > Given that msg is guaranteed to be initialized is this warning > absolutely necessary? If you are trying to abide by Effective C++ coding style suggestions (as incorporated into GCC ala -Weffc++), the warning is "necessary". In that enabling the warning is optional in the first place, the warning is not "necessary". The -Weffc++ generates warnings about perfectly ISO 14882 compliant C++ code. If you do not want to abide by GCC's warning facility regarding Effective C++ coding style suggestions, then do not use -Weffc++. (I don't use -Weffc++. I wish there was some finer granularity over which of the seven particular Effective C++ warnings are enabled.) HTH, --Eljay